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India's Unfinished Growth, 2004–2036

Rich Country,
Poor Citizens

India built fast. It is the fifth-largest economy, with roads, digital rails, toilets and power for nearly everyone.

It delivered slowly on what citizens feel: nutrition, learning, jobs, clean air and water, safety, dignity.

The argument in one picture
5th vs 143rd
Two rankings, two different countriesRead Chapter 11: Fifth by Size, 143rd per Person →
Seven parts and an interlude

What India built, what it left behind, the fault lines beneath, and what growth should buy next.

5th
Largest economy
2024
143rd
Of 191 countries in income per person
130th
Of 193 on the Human Development Index
≈5×
Growth of the economy, 2004–2024
Public Policy Foundation
Public Policy Foundation

A research foundation working on India's most pressing policy challenges, from public health and education to climate and inequality.

About the Foundation →